L'eau et les matières minérales nutritives nécessaires à la vie de l'arbre, azote (N), phosphore (P), potasse (K), magnésium (Mg)..., sont puisées dans le sol, sous forme de solution, par les poils absorbants des racines. Ces substances minérales dissoutes constituent la sève brute. Celle-ci monte dans l'arbre par les radicelles, les racines, le collet, le tronc, les branches et les rameaux, en passant par les vaisseaux du bois jeune, et parvient aux bourgeons et aux feuilles.
Dès leur apparition, sous l'influence de la lumière, les feuilles jouent un rôle capital en absorbant, grâce à la chlorophylle qu'elles contiennent, le carbone de l'air sous forme de gaz carbonique. Elles rejettent dans l'atmosphère de l'eau, en transpirant, et de l'oxygène, en respirant. Ce phénomène, appelé photosynthèse, transforme la sève brute en une sève élaborée contenant du sucre, de l'amidon et des acides organiques.
La sève élaborée redescend dans l'arbre par les vaisseaux du liber, le tissu végétal situé juste sous l'écorce des rameaux et des branches. Elle nourrit les jeunes tissus en formation, les nouveaux bourgeons en train de croître, les feuilles, les fleurs, les fruits, les racines.
Il existe deux catégories d'arbres :
ceux qui fructifient sur des bois âgés de quelques années : pommier, poirier
ceux qui fructifient sur des bois âgés d' un an seulement : abricotier, pêcher, cerisier, prunier, vigne, olivier...
The arrival fallacy is the false assumption that reaching some achievement or goal will create feelings of satisfaction and contentment in our lives.
I had prioritized one thing at the expense of everything.
The greatest discoveries in life come not from finding the right answer but from asking the right questions.
You need to immerse yourself in the human experience.
Creativity and community were live-giving for her.
Imagine your ideal day at eighty years old:
What are you doing?
Who are you with?
Where are you?
How do you feel?
Time, people, purpose, health.
Spending time surrounded by loved ones, engaged in activities that create purpose and growth, healthy in mind, body and spirit.
If we mesure only money, all of our actions will revolve around it. We'll play the game wrong.
I reprioritized my health, focusing on the basics of movement, nutrition, and sleep.
Never let the quest for more distract you from the beauty of enough.
Designing your dream life
1. One Thousand Years of Wisdom
Your wealthy life may be enabled by money, but in the end, it will be defined by everything else.
2. The Five Types of Wealth
lopsided: bancal
ragtag: hétéroclite
staining: tâcher
You say yes to every single work call but can't find time to reconnect with an old friend.
Five types of wealth:
Time Wealth
Social Wealth
Mental Wealth
Physical Wealth
Financial Wealth
3. The Wealth Score
4. The Life Razor
leftovers: vestiges
to pass up: laisser passer
deeds: actions
to tuck: border
Occam's razor: The simplest explanation is the best one. Simple is beautiful.
Hanlon's razor, a tongue-in-a-cheek (moquerie, sarcasme) adage stating that one must never attribute to malice what is adequately explained by stupidity.
Hitchens' razor: anything asserted without evidence can also be dismissed without evidence. A useful rule that will save you from wasting time on pointless arguments.
Health problems that affect those closest to you.
He was working eighty-hour weeks.
I wake up early and do hard things.
I take care of myself physically and mentally.
5. Your True North
burst: éclater
heed: écoute
dimmer: faible
afoul: être en conflit
to belittle: rabaisser
knocked off my feet: à tomber par terre
jarring: qui secoue
Climbing the Right Mountain.
There is no favorable wind for the sailor who doesn't know where to go.
High-leverage systems are the daily actions that create amplified, asymmetric forward progress.
Focus their energy on a few moments and ignore the rest.
Select the actions that will create meaningful progress toward your envisioned future.
If you don't take care of your mind in your sixties or seventies, you won't have it in your eighties.
Social Wealth becomes the primary goal.
At the end of each month:
What really matters right now in my life, and are my goals still aligned with this?
Are my current high-leverage systems aligned with my goals?
Am I in danger of running afoul of my anti-goals?
At the end of each quarter:
What is creating energy right now?
What is draining energy right now?
Who are the boat anchors in my life? Boat anchors are people who hold you back from your potential
What am I avoiding because of fear? The thing you fear the most is often the thing you must need to do.
Time Wealth
6. The Big Question
fleeting: bref
How Many Moments Do You Have Remaining with Your Loved Ones?
"The years go by, as quickly as a wink. Enjoy yourself, enjoy yourself, it's later than you think." (Les années passent aussi vite qu'un clin d'oeil. Amusez-vous, amusez-vous, c'est plus tard que vous ne le pensez) Guy Lombardo
Direct your attention to the things that truly matter (and ignoring the rest)
7. A Brief History of Time
staple: essentiel
ominous: de mauvais augure
panting: haletant
Look behind. Remember thou are mortal. Remember that you must die.
The concept of memento mori is a staple fo Stoic philosophy, a reminder of the certainty and inescapability of death - of time's inevitable victory over man.
Thor is unable to defeat Elli, which is taken as a symbol that old age will eventually triumph over youth.
The atomic clock is the most recent advancement in clock technology - it uses the vibrations of atoms to measure time. Atomic clocks are so accurate that they won't stray by a single second over ten billions years.
Einstein contested the notion of absolute time and proposed the concept of space-time. The idea that space and time are intimately connected, meaning that time is experienced differently by different observers based on their relative motion and position.
A species must evolve if it hopes to survive.
Red Queen's paradox: running faster and faster just to stay in the same place.
Your attention is more divided than ever.
There is a cognitive switching cost to shifting your attention from one task to another.
You have more time than your ancestors but less control over how you spend it. You have more time, but somehow you have less time for the things that truly matter to you.
Not all time is equal.
chronos and kairos.
Kairos suggests that specific moments have unique properties - that the right action in the right moment can create outsized results and growth.
Kairos time: when energy can be invested with the greatest possible return.
8. The Three Pillars of Time Wealth
Awareness: An understanding of the finite, impermanent nature of time.
Attention: The ability to direct your attention and focus on the things that matter (and ignore the rest)
Control: The freedom to own your time and choose exactly how to spend it.
Awareness: Time as your most precious asset.
Attention: unlocking asymmetric outputs.
Control: the ultimate goal.
Too little and too much free time lead to unhappiness.
The ability to choose what you do and when you do it.
9. The Time Wealth Guide
overarching: général
to contrive: arranger
to prosecute: poursuivre
The Energy Calendar:
Green: energy-creating
Yellow: neutral
Red: energy draining
The Two-List Exercise:
The most important things: make a list for your top personal priorities.
Separating the lists into Priorities and Avoid at All Costs.
The Eisenhower matrix:
"What is important is seldom urgent and what is urgent is seldom important"
The Index Card:
We tend to overestimate what we can accomplish in a day, so be intentionally conservative in the number of items you list. As a rule of thumb, it should be three unless there is a very specific reason for it to be more.
How to Eliminate Time Waste: Parkinson's law:
Batch-process email in one to three short, time-constrained windows. If you allow yourself to check your email throughout the day, you'll be plagued by attention residue and never get through your work.
How to Stop Procrastinating: The Anti-Procrastination System:
The hardest part is getting started.
Writing every single morning immediately after waking up.
How to Concentrate Attention: The Flow State Boot-Up Sequence:
"The Deep Work Hypothesis: the ability to perform deep work is becoming increasingly valuable in our economy. As a consequence, the few who cultivate this skill, and then make the core of their working life, will thrive" Cal Newport
The natural dopamine-reward response that all these apps, digital tools, and social platforms were built on.
You need a personal boot-up sequence.
The sequence can be built around five core senses:
1) Touch
2) Taste
3) Sight
4) Sound
5) Smell
flow state
How to Create Time Leverage: Effective Delegation
How to Streamline Commitments: The Art of No:
Humans systematically overestimate the amount of free time they will have in the future, so they say yes to future things, assuming they will have time for them, but when that future date arrives, they find they're wrong.
Humans tend to be overly optimistic when taking on something new.
How to Manage Your Time: Time-Blocking and the Four Types of Professional Time
Morning question: What good shall I do this day?
Take the resolution of the day
Evening question: What good have I done today?
Examination of the day
History's most successful people have all made a practice of creating space for reading, listening, learning and thinking. We can draw a lesson from this.
How to Fill Your Newly Created Time: The Energy Creators
What should you do with this newly created time?
What activities felt life-giving and joyful?
Who made you feel energized?
What new learning or mental pursuits sparked your interest to go deeper?
What rituals created more peace, calm, and mental clarity?
What physical pursuits did you enjoy?
What financial pursuits felt effortless (or even fun)?
So you can take your newly created time and put it toward more of those activities, people, and pursuits.
Social Wealth
11. The Big Question. Who Will Be Sitting in the Front Row at Your Funeral?
a blur of: un méli-mélo
ashen-faced: blême
throes: affres, douleurs
breadth: ampleur
bland: fade
to uproot: déraciner
facing death every day allowed us to set aside the silly things and focus on what matters.
The only thing that matters at all is the quality of the relationships with the people we love.
We must remember our center. And it's not the money.
Over the past thirty years, technologies designed to bring us together have made us lonelier than ever before.
Human connections is ultimately what provides the lasting texture and meaning in life.
Conventional wisdom says one should focus on the journey, not the destination. I disagree. Focus on the people. When you surround yourself with inspiring people, the journeys become more beautiful, and the destinations more brilliant. It's impossible to sit where you are and plan the perfect journey. Focus on the company - the people you want to travel with - and the journey will reveal itself in due time. Nothing bad has ever come from surrounding oneself with inspiring, genuine, kind, positive-sum individuals.
12. The Uniquely Social Species
mischiefs: bêtises
catatonic: idées délirantes de thématique mélancolique de ruine, de négation d'organes, une culpabilité pathologique
churn: perte de clientèle
A willingness to care for one another in times of need.
It's fair to say that social connection has long been a driving force behind the design of human lives.
The key to healthy aging is relationships, relationships, relationships.
The people who were the most satisfied in their relationships at age fifty were the healthiest at age eighty.
They missed their former teams.
You may need food, water and shelter to survive, but it is human connection that allows you to thrive.
13. The Days Are Long but the Years Are Short
to squander: gaspiller
14. The Three Pillars of Social Wealth
a blur of: un méli-mélo
to splurge: faire une folie
imbued: imprégné
fleeting: bref
"Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked." Steve Jobs.
Like muscles, neglected relationships atrophy.
15. The Social Wealth Guide
running errands: faire les courses
quip: trait d'esprit
stonewalling: réponse évasive, blocage
ad hominem: mettre en contradiction
nod: signe de tête
contempt: mépris
self-soothing: pour se consoler
shifty:louche
unvarnished: brut de décoffrage
briskly: d'un bon pas
dowry: dot
tattered: en lambeaux
Social Wealth Hacks I Wish I knew at Twenty-Two
Expose yourself to new beliefs, mindsets, and views.
Work on your own happiness before trying to help others.
Don't focus on looks and status in others.
How to Navigate Romantic Relationships: Two Rules for Growing in Love
How to Build a Personal Board of Advisers: The Brain Trust
System and processes were deliberately put in place to ensure the absolute highest quality and consistency of the product across the decades.
How to Play the Right Game: The Status Tests
Would I buy this thing if I could not show it to anyone or tell anyone about it?
They cannot forge a healthy mind and body any faster than you.
Mental Wealth
17. The Big Question: What Would Your Ten-Year Old Self Say to You Today?
keen: assidu
wit: esprit
deprecating: désapprobateur
whim: caprice
awe: émerveillement
conjecture: supposition
mischievous: malicieux
herring: hareng
skim: écrémé
blueberries: myrtilles
to stave off: écarter
bestow: décerner
therein: là
behold: regardé
ruthless: sans pitié
milling about: broyer
prodded: pousser
noxious: toxique
pursuit: activité
ruthless: sans pitié
astray: égaré
Curiosity is the foundation of a life of Mental Wealth.
Curiosity, it turns out, is very, very good for you. It is the real Fountain of Youth.
In your sixties and seventies when you stop learning new things because you don't see any utility in it anymore.
Your joy for continued growth, development and learning.
Your ten-year-old self would remind you to stay interested in the world and have some fun along the way.
18. A Tale as Old as Time
Seeking growth, meaning, purpose, and authenticity.
Ikigai - a combination of the Japanese word wiki, meaning "life", and gai, meaning "effect" or "worth". Together they connote "a reason for life". Ikigai can be visualized as four overlapping circles: (1) what you love, (2) what you are good at, (3) what the world needs, and (4) what you can be paid for.
We are all searching for our purpose.
You must fight to maintain your distinctiveness - consistently, relentlessly.
19. The Three Pillars of Mental Wealth
Three core pillars of mental wealth:
Purpose
Growth
Space
Blue zone to refer to a geographic area characterized by extraordinary human longevity.
The active, continuous pursuit of new interests and curiosities.
Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. Dr Dweck
Gandhi: "Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever"
Your power is in the space that exists between stimulus and response.
An escape where you can slow down and breathe new air in your life.
20. The Mental Wealth Guide
Mental Wealth Hacks I Wish I Knew at Twenty-Two
Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking and Bittersweet: How Sorrow and Longing Make Us Whole. Susan Cain
Do work you love and work that matters. Solve problems, make art, think deeply.
Choose one creative project at a time and do it as well and as deeply as you possibly can.
If you want to get better at anything, do it for thirty minutes per day for thirty straight days. A little dedicated effort each day is all you need.
Don't consume the news unless you're highly confident it will matter one month from now.
How To Find Your Purpose: The Power of Ikigai
Make a list of the activities that are live-giving.
Make a list of the activities that you have unique competency in.
Define your current world and make a list of the activities that it needs from you.
How To Choose Your Life Pursuits: The Pursuit Map
"How we spend our days is, of course, how we spend our lives. What we do with this hour, and that one, is what we are doing." Annie Dillard, The Writing Life.
Zone of genius: excellent competency and high interest or passion.
How to Learn Anything: The Feynman Technique
Feynman's true genius was his ability to convey complex ideas in simple, elegant ways.
Their common genius is the ability to break through the complexity and convey ideas in simple, digestible ways.
Find beauty in simplicity.
How to Retain Everything: The Spaced-Repetition Method
Ebbinghaus's Forgetting Curve.
Think of your brain as a muscle.
How to Think Differently: The Socratic Method
What's the problem you're trying to solve?
What is your hypothesis?
Why do you think this?
Is the thinking too vague?
What is it based on?
Why do you believe this to be true?
How do you know it's true?
How would you know if you were wrong?
What concrete evidence do you have?
How credible is it?
What hidden evidence may exist?
Can an error be quickly fixed?
How costly is this mistake?
What alternative beliefs or viewpoints might exist?
Why might they be superior?
Why do others believe them to be true?
What do they know that you don't?
What was your original thinking?
Was it correct?
If not, where did you err?
What conclusions can you draw from the process about systemic errors in thinking?
How to Unlock New Growth: The Think Day
How to Create New Space: The Power Walk
Go for a fifteen-minute walk first thing in the morning.
How to Build Clear Boundaries: The Personal Power-Down Ritual
What are the focus priorities for tomorrow?
How to Improve Your Mental Health: The 1-1-1 Journaling Method
One win from the day.
One point of tension, anxiety, or stress.
One point of gratitude.
21. Summary: Mental Health
The unwillingness to live someone else's life.
What you love.
What you are good at.
What the world needs.
Physical Wealth
22. The Big Question
Will You Be Dancing at Your Eightieth Birthday Party?
23. The Story of Our Lesser World
penning: écriture
to bestow: décerner
sinful: immoral
swath: zone
rearing: éducation
edible: comestible
staunch: ardent
snazzy: stylé
splurge: faire une folie
oatmeal: flocons d'avoine
flaxseed: graine de lin
hemp seeds: chanvre
arousal: exitation
A lower overall muscle mass, particularly in the upper body.
Plato wrote: "Lack of activity destroys the good condition of every human being"
Put simply, the 80/20 rule says that a small number of inputs drive mots of the outputs.
Most of the results are driven by a few simple inputs - completing basic daily movement, consuming whole, unprocessed foods, and prioritizing sleep and recovery.
In a world that wants you to chase everything everywhere all at once, you must narrow your focus.
24. The Three Pillars of Physical Wealth.
The three controllable pillars of Physical Wealth:
Movement
Nutrition
Recovery
A little bit of exercise goes a long way and a lot of exercices goes a longer way.
Cardiovascular training. The two types of cardiovascular training to understand:
Aerobic: Low intensity; relies on the oxygen you breathe to sustain activity.
Anaerobic: High intensity; relies on the breakdown of sugars to sustain activity.
During higher-intensity anaerobic cardiovascular training, your lungs cannot provide enough oxygen to meet your body's demands, so the body breaks down stored sugar of energy.
Strength
Resistance exercise and strength training is the number one way to combat neuromuscular aging.
Stability and Flexibility
You can build stability and flexibility through dedicated stretching and mouvement routines and dynamic activities like yoga and Pilates.
Every single day that you delay is a missed opportunity that you'll never get back.
Nutrition: fuel the body
Overall caloric intake
Macronutients
proteins
carbohydrates (glucides)
fats
Prioritize protein
Focus on cleanliness of source
Micronutients
This includes iron, vitamin A, vitamin D, iodine, folate (vitamine B9 dans les légumes verts), and zinc
Hydration: a baseline of three liters of fluid per day.
Recovery: recharge the body
Recommended eight hours
Sleep deprivation has a variety of negative effects on the brain, including diminished attention, focus, concentration, and emotional control, and has been linked to a long list of diseases, including Alzheimer's, heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers.
It's not just if you sleep poorly, you function less well. If you sleep better, you function much better.
Afternoon sunlight exposure to regulate circadian rhythm and improve sleep quality.
How to Win the Day: A Science-Backed Morning Routine
"When you arise in the morning, think of what a precious privilege it is to be alive - to breathe, to think, to enjoy, to love" Marc Aurèle
If your goal is to create, you must work like a lion. Sprint when inspired. rest. repeat.
I always start my day with two hours of focused work on the most important tasks.
The Movement Plan: A level 3 Training Plan That Works
How to Promote Calm: Science-Backed Breathing Protocols
In simple terms, the Yerkes-Dodson Law says that stress and performance are positively correlated only up to a certain point, after which more stress reduces performance.
Financial Wealth
27. The Big Question: What is Your Definition of Enough?
gripped: agrippé
rebuke: réprimander
lavish: somptueux
creep: envahir, dépasser
deeds: actes
quenched: étancher
uptake: prise
untethered: détaché
dwindling: diminuer
ratchet up: augmenter
liability: responsabilité
lifestyle creep: extension du style de vie
gizmo: machin, truc
swings: balancements
hassle: ennuis
tantalizing: tentant
hustle: agitation
benefactor: bienfaiteur
The knowledge that I've got enough.
That thing you once longed for becomes the thing you can't wait to upgrade.
The first rule of compounding: Never interrupt it unnecessarily.
10% annual improvement, 1.1^50=117,391
Simply buying, holding, and compounding a diversified market index fund will generate the most attractive time, energy, and risk-adjusted long-term outcomes.
The best time to start was twenty years ago; the second best time is today.
The compounder of choice was a simple low-cost market index fund that they invested their excess cash into on a regular basis.
The most important and fundamental questions about your life will remain, irrespective of the level you achieve.
30. The Financial Wealth Guide
I have a clear process for investing excess monthly income for long-term compounding.
What are you earning, saving, and investing each month?
Financial Wealth Hacks I Know at Forty-Two I Wish I Knew at Twenty-Two
Make a rule to save a specific percentage and invest a specific percentage of your gross annual income.
Buy the best and keep it as long as possible.
I recommend making at least 90 percent of your portfolio through index funds
Negotiate your bills down. It's a little-known fact that you can negotiate many of your bills with a one-time phone call.
Conscious spenders care about the value of something.
The way you fell about money is uncorrelated with the amount in your bank account.
To feel good about money, you need to (a) know your numbers and (b) improve your money psychology by spending unapologetically (n'éprouver aucun remords) on things you care about (and paying as little as possible for things you don't)
Seven Pieces of Career Advice I Wish I Had Known When I Was Starting Out
Your world looks very different from the advice giver's world.
Start focusing on how you can create immense value for everyone around you.
"If it's your job to eat a frog, it's best to do it first thing in the morning. And if it's your job to eat two frogs, it's best to eat the biggest one first" Mark Twain.
Data in, story out.
But as with all things in life, if you focus your attention and energy on what is within your control, you'll always be better off.
Six Marketable Meta-Skills to Build for a High-Income Future
Sales
Storytelling
Design
Writing
Software engineering
Data science
The Seven Basic Principles of Expenses Management
Build a cushion for unexpected items.
Automate savings: Always save before you spend. Automate your monthly savings by having a direct deposit go into a dedicated account.
Six months of expenses in cash.
The Eight Best Investment Assets for Long-Term Wealth Creation
Bonds: U.S. Treasury bonds are considered extremely low risk due to the government's ability to print money.
Bonds tend to rise when stocks fall.
Your own products: high degree of control and personal fulfillment. Do not offer any guarantee of future returns, and the majority are likely to fail.
The Return-on-Hassle Spectrum
"Return on hassle" the idea that the time and energy associated with an investment need to be considered as part of the return equation.
Buying and holding a well-diversified, low-cost market index fund will provide the most attractive balance.
The Single Greatest Investment in the World
Books, courses and education
Fitness
Networking events
Quality food
Mental health
Personal development
Sleep
Deep focus and relaxation
Wait thirty days to complete the order: if you still want it, order it. If not, skip it.
Life hack: always invest in yourself - you'll never regret it.
31. Summary: Financial Wealth
Financial wealth compass:
Goals: What financial wealth score do you want to achieve within one year?
Anti-goals: What are the two to three outcomes that you want to avoid on your journey?
High-leverage systems: What are the two to three systems from the financial wealth guide that you want to implement to make tangible, compounding progress toward your goal score.
Create an investment account with a low-cost brokerage and consider establishing an automatic deposit.
Conclusion: The Leap of Faith
Establish your baseline Wealth score.
When you're thinking about a move, consider the effects on your loved ones and your health. When you're evaluating a big investment or purchase, reflect on the impact it may have on your freedom and mental state.
